DEREK HASELDEN'S ASTRONOMICAL LISTS AND TABLES, PAGE 1
Solar System Objects, Miscellaneous.
Updated 1st January 2004
This page is one of a series of three composed almost entirely of data in tabulated form. It is the result of several years of occasionally, but progressively recording information gleaned from books, magazines and the internet. Almost any astronomical book you encounter these days will have some numerical data within its pages in some form or another. So, when I started writing a series of astronomy notes about 8 years ago I included a section which listed useful and interesting astronomical information.
Since starting that project it has been necessary to revise, update and expand some of those tables to reflect new data. For example, recent discoveries of additional moon's orbiting the gas giant planets has prompted me to revise those tables, almost tripling their size in the process. As and when I've found time new tables have sprung up or old ones combined to make up the set of tables on this page. Doubtless there will be others to follow!
The other two pages in this series are Astronomical Tables 2 - Stars and Astronomical Tables 3 - Deep Sky Objects.
I hope that you are able to make use of this page and the data within, you may well see something you've not come across before. Perhaps you'll even think of other information that would be useful! Furthermore, should you find any errors or know of more up to date figures please do let me know. Whatever the case, please feel free to comment or make suggestions. An e-mail link/button appears at the bottom of this page.
This page was written by Derek Haselden and is the result of many, many hours of digging through books, magazines, journals and other reading matter - and then typing and assembling it into the order you see below. As such I cannot claim it to be 'original' but I have put great deal a lot of work into this and while I am more than happy for others to make use of this page, the only condition I would make is that you ask for permission first. Otherwise, please feel free to edit, extract, uproot and quote as you see fit, but please, do not distort or mangle it too much. Feel free to copy, distribute, paraphrase, et cetera, et cetera, but do me the honour of quoting the writer and/or include a link to me.
Thanks.
Derek Haselden - Webmaster
A complete list of the tables on this page follows...
THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
PLANETARY MOONS AND RING SYSTEMS.
OTHER SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS.
MISCELLANEOUS.
OTHER PAGES BY DEREK HASELDEN
TABLE 1. SOLAR SYSTEM - PLANETARY ORBITAL DATA
Average dist. Min. distance Max. distance Eccentricity Inclination
PLANET from Sun (AU) from Sun (AU) from Sun (AU) of orbit to ecliptic(°)
Mercury 0.387 0.307 0.467 0.206 7.00
Venus 0.723 0.718 0.728 0.007 3.39
Earth 1.000 0.983 1.017 0.017 0.00
Mars 1.524 1.381 1.666 0.093 1.85
Jupiter 5.203 4.952 5.455 0.048 1.31
Saturn 9.537 9.021 10.054 0.054 2.48
Uranus 19.191 18.286 20.096 0.047 0.77
Neptune 30.069 29.811 30.327 0.009 1.77
Pluto 39.482 29.658 49.305 0.249 17.14
PLANET Average dist. Min. distance Max. distance Eccentricity Inclination
from Sun (AU) from Sun (AU) from Sun (AU) of orbit to ecliptic(°)
Notes:
(AU) = astronomical unit, 1 AU = 149 600 000 km (92 900 000 miles).
TABLE 2. SOLAR SYSTEM - PLANETARY PERIODS AND MOTIONS
Sidereal period Mean orbital Sidereal period Inclination of equator
PLANET (days or years) velocity(km/sec.) of axial rotation to ecliptic(°)
Mercury 87.969 d 47.87 58.646 d 0.01
Venus 224.701 d 35.02 243.019 d (R) 177.36
Earth 365.256 d 29.79 23.934 h 23.44
Mars 686.980 d 24.13 24.624 h 25.19
Jupiter 11.863 y 13.07 9.842 h 3.13
Saturn 29.447 y 9.67 10.233 h 26.73
Uranus 84.017 y 6.84 17.240 h (R) 97.86
Neptune 164.793 y 5.48 16.110 h 28.31
Pluto 247.920 y 4.75 6.387 d (R) 122.52
PLANET Sidereal period Mean orbital Sidereal period Inclination of equator
(days or years) velocity(km/sec.) of axial rotation to ecliptic(°)
Notes:
(R) = Retrograde rotation.
The rotation period for Jupiter is at its equator.
The rotation periods for Uranus and Neptune are their magnetic fields.
TABLE 3. SOLAR SYSTEM - PLANETARY PHYSICAL DATA
Equatorial Polar Mass Volume Oblateness Surface gravity Density
PLANET dia.(km) dia.(km) (Earth=1) (Earth=1) (Earth=1) (Water=1)
Mercury 4 878 4 878 0.06 0.06 0 0.378 5.43
Venus 12 104 12 104 0.82 0.86 0 0.907 5.24
Earth 12 756 12 714 1.00 1.00 0.0034 1.000 5.52
Mars 6 794 6 750 0.11 0.15 0.0065 0.377 3.94
Jupiter 142 984 133 708 317.83 1321.0 0.065 2.364 1.33
Saturn 120 536 108 728 95.16 764.0 0.098 0.916 0.70
Uranus 51 118 49 946 14.50 63.0 0.023 0.889 1.30
Neptune 49 528 48 682 17.20 58.0 0.017 1.125 1.76
Pluto 2 302 2 250 0.0025 0.0057 0 0.067 1.10
PLANET Equatorial Polar Mass Volume Oblateness Surface gravity Density
dia.(km) dia.(km) (Earth=1) (Earth=1) (Earth=1) (Water=1)
TABLE 4. SOLAR SYSTEM - PLANETARY OBSERVATIONAL DATA
(Angular equatorial diameter of planet in seconds of arc)
At 1 AU At minimum At maximum At greatest At opposition Ave. Visual
distance distance distance elongation distance (ave.) magnitude
PLANET (") (") (") (") (")
Mercury 6.7 13.0 4.5 7.8 - 0.0
Venus 16.7 65.4 9.6 25.2 - -4.4
Mars 9.4 25.7 3.5 - 17.9 -2.0
Jupiter 196.9 50.0 30.4 - 46.8 -2.7
Saturn 165.5 20.7 14.9 - 19.4 +0.7 #
Uranus 70.0 4.1 3.3 - 3.9 +5.5
Neptune 67.0 2.3 2.1 - 2.3 +7.8
Pluto 3.1 - - - 0.1 +14.0
PLANET At 1 AU At minimum At maximum At greatest At opposition Ave. Visual
distance distance distance elongation distance (ave.) magnitude
(") (") (") (") (")
Notes:
(AU) = astronomical unit, 1 AU = 149 600 000 km (92 900 000 miles).
# = with rings closed, -0.2 with rings fully open.
TABLE 5. EARTH - SATELLITE DATA
No Satellite Average Orbital Inclination Eccentricity Diameter
distance(km) period (d) (°) (km)
I The Moon 384 400 27.322 18.3 - 28.6 0.055 3 476
TABLE 6. MARS - SATELLITE DATA
No Satellite Average Orbital Inclination Ecc. Diameter Visual
distance(km) period (d) (°) (km) Magnitude
I Phobos 9 380 0.319 1.0 0.015 28 x 22 x 18 11.4
II Deimos 23 460 1.262 0.9 to 2.7 0.001 16 x 12 x 10 12.5
TABLE 7. JUPITER - SATELLITE DATA
This table updated on 01/11/03. Satellites are listed in order of increasing distance from Jupiter. For convenience the Gallilean Moons are shown in a block of their own. Otherwise the table has been broken up into groups of 10 to aid reading the data. Data adopted from NASA Space Science Data Centre/Goddard Spaceflight Centre tables and other sources. To save you counting, there are 61 moons... so far... at the moment.
ORBITAL PARAMETERS
NAME NUMBER Semimajor Jovian Orbital Rotation Inc. Ecc.
axis (km) radii period (d) period (d) (°)
Metis JXVI S/1979 J3 128 000 1.79 0.294779 S 0.06 0.0002
Adrastea JXV S/1979 J1 129 000 1.80 0.298260 S 0.03 0.0015
Amalthea JV - 181 400 2.54 0.498179 S 0.40 0.003
Thebe JXIV S/1979 J2 221 900 3.11 0.6745 - 0.8 0.018
Io JI - 421 600 5.91 1.769138 S 0.04 0.004
Europa JII - 670 900 9.40 3.551181 S 0.47 0.0101
Ganymede JIII - 1 070 400 14.97 7.154553 S 0.21 0.0015
Callisto JIV - 1 882 700 26.33 16.689018 S 0.51 0.007
Themisto JXVIII S/1975 J1 7 507 000 105.00 130.02 - 45.67 0.242
Leda JXIII - 11 170 000 156.2 240.92 - 27.47 0.164
Himalia JVI - 11 460 000 160.3 250.5662 0.4 27.63 0.162
Lysithea JX - 11 720 000 163.9 259.22 - 27.35 0.112
Elara JVII - 11 740 000 164.2 259.6528 0.5 24.77 0.217
- - S/2000 J11 12 560 000 175.7 287.0 - 28.3 0.248
- - S/2003 J20 17 100 000 239.2 456.5 - 55.1 0.295
- - S/2003 J3 18 340 000 256.5 504.0(R) - 143.7 0.241
- - S/2003 J12 19 000 000 265.8 533.3(R) - 145.8 0.376
Euporie JXXXIV S/2001 J10 19 390 000 271.2 553.1(R) - 147.0 0.156
- - S/2003 J21 20 600 000 288.2 599.0(R) - 148.0 0.208
- - S/2003 J18 20 700 000 289.5 606.3(R) - 146.5 0.119
- - S/2003 J6 20 980 000 293.5 617.3(R) - 156.1 0.157
- - S/2003 J16 21 000 000 293.7 595.4(R) - 148.6 0.270
Euanthe JXXXIII S/2001 J7 21 030 000 294.0 620.0(R) - 145.9 0.176
Harpalyke JXXII S/2000 J5 21 110 000 295.3 623.3(R) - 148.7 0.227
Praxidike JXXVII S/2000 J7 21 150 000 295.8 625.3(R) - 148.7 0.220
Orthosie JXXXV S/2001 J9 21 170 000 296.1 623.0(R) - 141.9 0.272
Hermippe JXXX S/2001 J3 21 250 000 297.2 631.9(R) - 150.3 0.251
Iocaste JXXIV S/2000 J3 21 270 000 297.5 631.5(R) - 159.7 0.218
Ananke JXII - 21 280 000 297.7 629.8(R) - 148.9 0.244
Thyone JXXIX S/2001 J2 21 310 000 298.1 632.4(R) - 149.0 0.295
- - S/2003 J15 22 000 000 307.7 668.4(R) - 140.8 0.110
- - S/2003 J17 22 000 000 307.7 690.3(R) - 163.7 0.190
- - S/2003 J11 22 400 000 313.3 683.0(R) - 163.9 0.223
- - S/2003 J9 22 440 000 313.9 683.0(R) - 164.5 0.269
- - S/2003 J19 22 800 000 318.9 701.3(R) - 162.9 0.334
- - S/2002 J1 22 930 000 320.7 723.9(R) - 165.0 0.259
Pasithee JXXXVIII S/2001 J6 23 030 000 322.1 716.3(R) - 165.4 0.288
Kale JXXXVII S/2001 J8 23 120 000 323.4 720.9(R) - 165.3 0.475
Chaldene JXXI S/2000 J10 23 180 000 324.2 723.8(R) - 165.4 0.238
Eurydome JXXXII S/2001 J4 23 220 000 324.8 720.8(R) - 150.1 0.345
Isonoe JXXVI S/2000 J6 23 220 000 324.8 725.5(R) - 165.0 0.261
- - S/2003 J4 23 260 000 325.4 723.2(R) - 144.9 0.204
Erinome JXXV S/2000 J4 23 280 000 325.6 728.3(R) - 164.9 0.270
Taygete JXX S/2000 J9 23 360 000 326.7 732.2(R) - 165.2 0.251
Carme JXI - 23 400 000 327.3 734.2(R) - 164.9 0.253
Aitne JXXXI S/2001 J11 23 550 000 329.4 741.0(R) - 165.7 0.291
Kalyke JXXIII S/2000 J2 23 580 000 329.8 743.0(R) - 165.2 0.243
Pasiphae JVIII - 23 620 000 330.4 743.6(R) - 151.4 0.409
- - S/2003 J7 23 810 000 333.0 748.8(R) - 159.4 0.405
Sponde JXXXVI S/2001 J5 23 810 000 333.0 749.1(R) - 155.0 0.454
Megaclite JXIX S/2000 J8 23 810 000 333.0 752.8(R) - 152.7 0.425
Sinope JIX - 23 940 000 334.9 758.9(R) - 158.1 0.250
- - S/2003 J13 24 000 000 335.7 737.8(R) - 141.0 0.412
- - S/2003 J5 24 080 000 336.8 759.7(R) - 165.0 0.210
Callirrhoe JXVII S/1999 J1 24 100 000 337.1 758.8(R) - 147.1 0.283
Autonoe JXXVIII S/2001 J1 24 120 000 337.4 765.1(R) - 151.9 0.415
- - S/2003 J10 24 250 000 339.2 767.0(R) - 164.1 0.214
- - S/2003 J8 24 510 000 342.8 781.6(R) - 152.6 0.264
- - S/2003 J1 24 560 000 343.5 781.6(R) - 163.4 0.345
- - S/2003 J14 25 000 000 349.7 807.8(R) - 140.9 0.222
- - S/2003 J2 28 570 000 399.6 982.5(R) - 151.8 0.380
NAME NUMBER Semimajor Jovian Orbital Rotation Inc. Ecc.
axis (km) radii period (d) period (d) (°)
Notes:
Inc. = Inclination.
Ecc. = Eccentricity.
(R) = Retrograde orbit.
S = Synchronous rotation - rotation period same as orbital period.
BULK PARAMETERS
NAME NUMBER Mass Radius Mean Visual Visual
(#) (km) density geometric magnitude
(kg/m³) albebo
Metis JXVI S/1979 J3 0.001 20 - 0.06 17.6
Adrastea JXV S/1979 J1 0.0002 13x10x8 - 0.10 18.7
Amalthea JV - 0.075 131x73x67 3100 0.09 14.1
Thebe JXIV S/1979 J2 0.008 55x45 - 0.05 16.0
Io JI - 893.2 1 821.6 3530 0.62 5.0
Europa JII - 480.0 1 560.8 3010 0.68 5.3
Ganymede JIII - 1 481.9 2 631.2 1940 0.44 4.6
Callisto JIV - 1 075.9 2 410.3 1830 0.19 5.7
Themisto JXVIII S/1975 J1 - 4 - 0.04 21.0
Leda JXIII - 0.00006 5 - 0.07 19.5
Himalia JVI - 0.095 85 - 0.03 14.6
Lysithea JX - 0.0008 12 - 0.06 18.3
Elara JVII - 0.008 40 - 0.03 16.3
- - S/2000 J11 - 2.0 - 0.04 22.4
- - S/2003 J20 - 3.0 - - 23.2
- - S/2003 J3 - 2.0 - - 23.4
- - S/2003 J12 - 1.0 - - 23.9
Euporie JXXXIV S/2001 J10 - 1.0 - - 23.1
- - S/2003 J21 - 1.0 - - 23.3
- - S/2003 J18 - 2.0 - - 23.4
- - S/2003 J6 - 4.0 - - 22.6
- - S/2003 J16 - 2.0 - - 23.3
Euanthe JXXXIII S/2001 J7 - 1.5 - - 22.8
Harpalyke JXXII S/2000 J5 - 2.2 - 0.04 22.2
Praxidike JXXVII S/2000 J7 - 3.4 - 0.04 21.2
Orthosie JXXXV S/2001 J9 - 1.0 - - 23.1
Hermippe JXXX S/2001 J3 - 2.0 - - 22.1
Iocaste JXXIV S/2000 J3 - 2.6 - 0.04 21.8
Ananke JXII - 0.0004 10 - 0.06 18.8
Thyone JXXIX S/2001 J2 - 2.0 - - 22.3
- - S/2003 J15 - 2.0 - - 23.5
- - S/2003 J17 - 2.0 - - 23.4
- - S/2003 J11 - 2.0 - - 23.7
- - S/2003 J9 - 1.0 - - 23.7
- - S/2003 J19 - 2.0 - - 23.7
- - S/2002 J1 - 1.5 - - 22.8
Pasithee JXXXVIII S/2001 J6 - 1.0 - - 23.2
Kale JXXXVII S/2001 J8 - 1.0 - - 23.0
Chaldene JXXI S/2000 J10 - 1.9 - 0.04 22.5
Eurydome JXXXII S/2001 J4 - 1.5 - - 22.7
Isonoe JXXVI S/2000 J6 - 1.9 - 0.04 22.5
- - S/2003 J4 - 2.0 - - 23.0
Erinome JXXV S/2000 J4 - 1.6 - 0.04 22.8
Taygete JXX S/2000 J9 - 2.5 - 0.04 21.9
Carme JXI - 0.001 15 - 0.06 17.6
Aitne JXXXI S/2001 J11 - 1.5 - - 22.7
Kalyke JXXIII S/2000 J2 - 2.6 - 0.04 21.8
Pasiphae JVIII - 0.003 18 - 0.10 17.0
- - S/2003 J7 - 4.0 - - 22.5
Sponde JXXXVI S/2001 J5 - 1.0 - - 23.0
Megaclite JXIX S/2000 J8 - 2.7 - 0.04 21.7
Sinope JIX - 0.0008 14 - 0.05 18.1
- - S/2003 J13 - 2.0 - - 23.2
- - S/2003 J5 - 4.0 - - 22.4
Callirrhoe JXVII S/1999 J1 - 4 - 0.04 20.7
Autonoe JXXVIII S/2001 J1 - 2.0 - - 22.0
- - S/2003 J10 - 2.0 - - 23.6
- - S/2003 J8 - 3.0 - - 23.2
- - S/2003 J1 - 4.0 - - 22.6
- - S/2003 J14 - 2.0 - - 23.6
- - S/2003 J2 - 2.0 - - 23.2
NAME NUMBER Mass Radius Mean Visual Visual
(#) (km) density geometric magnitude
(kg/m³) albebo
Notes:
(#) = 1020kg.
Several recently discovered Jovian moons had been given temporary numbers but the I.A.U has now assigned names to them as follows...
XVIII = S/1975 J1 = Themisto XV = S/1979 J1 = Adrastea XIV = S/1979 J2 = Thebe XVI = S/1979 J3 = Metis XVII = S/1999 J1 = Callirrhoe XXIII = S/2000 J2 = Kalyke XXIV = S/2000 J3 = Iocaste XXV = S/2000 J4 = Erinome XXII = S/2000 J5 = Harpalyke XXVI = S/2000 J6 = Isonoe XXVII = S/2000 J7 = Praxidike XIX = S/2000 J8 = Megaclite XX = S/2000 J9 = Taygete XXI = S/2000 J10 = Chaldene XXVIII = S/2001 J1 = Autonoe XXIX = S/2001 J2 = Thyone XXX = S/2001 J3 = Hermippe XXXII = S/2001 J4 = Eurydome XXXVI = S/2001 J5 = Sponde XXXVIII = S/2001 J6 = Pasithee XXXIII = S/2001 J7 = Euanthe XXXVII = S/2001 J8 = Kale XXXV = S/2001 J9 = Orthosie XXXIV = S/2001 J10 = Eupore XXXI = S/2001 J11 = Aitne.
Themisto (S/1975 J1) was also listed as S/2000 J1.
Even more satellites (22 in all) were added to the account recently, again these have been added to the above tables according to their distance from Jupiter, again they are unnamed. They are S/2002 J1, and S/2003 J1 to S/2003 J21
The way things have been going it seems likely that this will NOT be the last time I update this table!
TABLE 8. SATURN - SATELLITE DATA
This table updated on 01/11/03. Satellites are listed in order of increasing distance from Saturn. The table has been broken up into groups of 10 to aid reading the data. Data adopted from NASA Space Science Data Centre/Goddard Spaceflight Centre tables and other sources. To save you counting, there are 31 moons... so far... at the moment.
ORBITAL PARAMETERS
NAME NUMBER Semimajor Saturnian Orbital Rotation Inc. Ecc.
axis (km) radii period (d) period (d) (°)
Pan SXVIII S/1981 S13 133 583 2.2165 0.5750 - 0.0 0.000
Atlas SXV S/1980 S28 137 670 2.2820 0.6019 - 0.3 0.000
Prometheus SXVI S/1980 S27 139 353 2.2843 0.6130 - 0.0 0.0024
Pandora SXVII S/1980 S26 141 700 2.3512 0.6285 - 0.0 0.0042
Epimetheus SXI S/1980 S3 151 422 2.5099 0.6942 S 0.34 0.009
Janus SX S/1980 S1 151 472 2.5125 0.6945 S 0.14 0.007
Mimas SI - 185 520 3.0783 0.9424218 S 1.53 0.0202
Enceladus SII - 238 020 3.9494 1.370218 S 0.00 0.0045
Tethys SIII - 294 660 4.8892 1.887802 S 1.86 0.0000
Calypso SXIV S/1980 S25 294 660 4.8892 1.8878 - c.0 c.0
Telesto SXIII S/1980 S13 294 660 4.8892 1.8878 - c.0 c.0
Dione SIV - 377 400 6.2620 2.736915 S 0.02 0.0022
Helene SXII S/1980 S6 377 400 6.262 2.7369 - 0.0 0.005
Rhea SV - 527 040 8.7449 4.517500 S 0.35 0.0010
Titan SVI - 1 221 830 20.273 15.945421 - 0.33 0.0292
Hyperion SVII - 1 481 100 24.575 21.276609 C 0.43 0.1042
Iapetus SVIII - 3 561 300 59.091 79.330183 S 14.72 0.0283
Kiviuq SXXIV S/2000 S5 11 370 000 189 449 - 48.7 0.33
Ijiraq SXXII S/2000 S6 11 440 000 190 451 - 49.1 0.32
Phoebe SIX - 12 952 000 214.91 550.48(R) 0.4 175.3 0.1633
Paaliaq SXX S/2000 S2 15 200 000 252 687 - 47.2 0.36
Skadi SXXXVII S/2000 S8 15 650 000 260 729(R) - 148.5 0.27
Albiorix SXXVI S/2000 S11 16 390 000 272 738 - 34.0 0.48
Erriapo SXXVIII S/2000 S10 17 610 000 292 871 - 33.5 0.47
Siarnaq SXXIX S/2000 S3 18 160 000 301 893 - 45.6 0.29
Tarvos SXXI S/2000 S4 18 240 000 303 926 - 34.9 0.54
Mundilfari SXXV S/2000 S9 18 710 000 310 951(R) - 169.4 0.21
- - S/2003 S1 18 720 000 311 956(R) - 134.6 0.35
Suttung SXXIII S/2000 S12 19 470 000 323 1 017(R) - 175.8 0.11
Thrym SXXX S/2000 S7 20 470 000 340 1 089(R) - 175.0 0.47
Ymir SXIX S/2000 S1 23 100 000 383 1 312(R) - 173.1 0.33
NAME NUMBER Semimajor Saturnian Orbital Rotation Inc. Ecc.
axis (km) radii period (d) period (d) (°)
Notes:
Inc. = Inclination.
Ecc. = Eccentricity.
(R) = Retrograde orbit.
S = Synchronous rotation - rotation period same as orbital period.
C = chaotic rotation.
BULK PARAMETERS
NAME NUMBER Mass Radius Mean Visual Visual
(#) (km) density geometric magnitude
(kg/m³) albebo
Pan SXVIII S/1981 S13 0.00003 10 630 0.5 19.4
Atlas SXV S/1980 S28 0.0001 18.5x17.2x13.5 630 0.8 19.0
Prometheus SXVI S/1980 S27 0.0033 74x50x34 630 0.5 15.8
Pandora SXVII S/1980 S26 0.0020 55x44x31 630 0.7 16.4
Epimetheus SXI S/1980 S3 0.0054 69x55x55 600 0.8 15.6
Janus SX S/1980 S1 0.0192 97x95x77 650 0.9 14.4
Mimas SI - 0.375 209x196x191 1140 0.5 12.8
Enceladus SII - 0.65 256x247x245 1000 1.0 11.8
Tethys SIII - 6.27 536x528x526 1000 0.9 10.2
Calypso SXIV S/1980 S25 0.00004 15x8x8 1000 1.0 18.7
Telesto SXIII S/1980 S13 0.00007 15x12.5x7.5 1000 1.0 18.5
Dione SIV - 11.0 560 1500 0.7 10.4
Helene SXII S/1980 S6 0.0003 18x16x15 1500 0.7 18.4
Rhea SV - 23.1 764 1240 0.7 9.6
Titan SVI - 1 345.5 2 575 1881 0.22 8.4
Hyperion SVII - 0.2 185x140x113 1500 0.3 14.4
Iapetus SVIII - 15.9 718 1020 0.05/0.5 11.0
Kiviuq SXXIV S/2000 S5 - c.7 - 0.06 22.0
Ijiraq SXXII S/2000 S6 - c.5 - 0.06 22.6
Phoebe SIX - 0.072 115x110x105 1300 0.08 16.4
Paaliaq SXX S/2000 S2 - c.10 - 0.06 21.3
Skadi SXXVII S/2000 S8 - c.3 - 0.06 23.6
Albiorix SXXVI S/2000 S11 - c.13 - 0.06 20.5
Erriapo SXXVIII S/2000 S10 - c.4 - 0.06 23.0
Siarnaq SXXIX S/2000 S3 - c.16 - 0.06 20.1
Tarvos SXXI S/2000 S4 - c.7 - 0.06 22.1
Mundilfari SXXV S/2000 S9 - c.3 - 0.06 23.8
- - S/2003 S1 - c.3 - 0.06 24.0
Suttung SXXIII S/2000 S12 - c.3 - 0.06 23.9
Thrym SXXX S/2000 S7 - c.3 - 0.06 23.9
Ymir SXIX S/2000 S1 - c.8 - 0.06 21.7
NAME NUMBER Mass Radius Mean Visual Visual
(#) (km) density geometric magnitude
(kg/m³) albebo
Several recently discovered Saturnian moons had been given temporary numbers by the I.A.U but most of them have now been named. These were S/2000 S1 to S/2000 S12. S/2003 S1 is yet to be named. Perhaps there will be others to follow...
TABLE 9. URANUS - SATELLITE DATA
This table updated on 01/11/03. Satellites are listed in order of increasing distance from Uranus. The table has been broken up into groups of 10 to aid reading the data. Data adopted from NASA Space Science Data Centre/Goddard Spaceflight Centre tables and other sources. To save you counting, there are 25 moons... so far... at the moment.
ORBITAL PARAMETERS
NAME NUMBER Semimajor Uranian Orbital Rotation Inc. Ecc.
axis (km) radii period (d) period (d) (°)
Cordelia UVI S/1986 U7 49 770 1.947 0.335034 - 0.08 0.0003
Ophelia UVII S/1986 U8 53 790 2.104 0.376400 - 0.10 0.0099
Bianca UVIII S/1986 U9 59 170 2.315 0.434579 - 0.19 0.0009
Cressida UIX S/1986 U3 61 780 2.417 0.463570 - 0.01 0.0004
Desdemona UX S/1986 U6 62 680 2.452 0.473650 - 0.11 0.0001
Juliet UXI S/1986 U2 64 350 2.518 0.493065 - 0.07 0.0007
Portia UXII S/1986 U1 66 090 2.586 0.513196 - 0.06 0.0000
Rosalind UXIII S/1986 U4 69 940 2.736 0.558460 - 0.28 0.0001
- - S/2003 U2 74 800 2.93 0.618 - - -
Belinda UXIV S/1986 U5 75 260 2.944 0.623527 - 0.03 0.0001
Puck UXV S/1985 U1 86 010 3.365 0.761833 - 0.32 0.0001
- - S/2003 U1 97 700 3.82 0.923 - - -
Miranda UV - 129 390 5.078 1.413479 S 4.22 0.0027
Ariel UI - 191 020 7.481 2.520379 S 0.31 0.0034
Umbriel UII - 266 300 10.41 4.144177 S 0.36 0.0050
Titania UIII - 435 910 17.05 8.705872 S 0.14 0.0022
Oberon UIV - 583 520 22.79 13.463239 S 0.10 0.0008
- - S/2001 U3 4 280 000 167.3 799.0(R) - 145.2 0.146
Caliban UXVI S/1997 U1 7 230 000 282.9 579.5(R) - 140.88 0.159
Stephano UXX S/1999 U2 8 002 000 313.1 676.5(R) - 144.06 0.230
Trinculo UXXI S/2001 U1 8 571 000 335.3 758.1(R) - 166.33 0.208
Sycorax UXVII S/1997 U2 12 179 000 476.5 1 283.4(R) - 159.40 0.522
Prospero UXVIII S/1999 U3 16 418 000 642.4 1 992.8(R) - 151.91 0.443
Setebos UXIX S/1999 U1 17 459 000 683.1 2 202.3(R) - 158.17 0.588
- - S/2001 U2 21 000 000 821.6 2 823.4(R) - 167.3 0.426
NAME NUMBER Semimajor Uranian Orbital Rotation Inc. Ecc.
axis (km) radii period (d) period (d) (°)
Notes:
Inc. = Inclination.
Ecc. = Eccentricity.
R = Retrograde orbit.
S = Synchronous rotation - rotation period same as orbital period.
BULK PARAMETERS
NAME NUMBER Mass Radius Mean Visual Visual
(#) (km) density geometric magnitude
(kg/m³) albebo
Cordelia UVI S/1986 U7 - 20 - 0.07 23.6
Ophelia UVII S/1986 U8 - 21 - 0.07 23.3
Bianca UVIII S/1986 U9 - 27 - 0.07 22.5
Cressida UIX S/1986 U3 - 40 - 0.07 21.6
Desdemona UX S/1986 U6 - 32 - 0.07 22.0
Juliet UXI S/1986 U2 - 47 - 0.07 21.1
Portia UXII S/1986 U1 - 68 - 0.07 20.4
Rosalind UXIII S/1986 U4 - 36 - 0.07 21.8
- - S/2003 U2 - 12 - - -
Belinda UXIV S/1986 U5 - 40 - 0.07 21.5
Puck UXV S/1985 U1 - 81 - 0.07 19.8
- - S/2003 U1 - 16 - - -
Miranda UV - 0.66 240x234.2x232.9 1 200 0.27 15.8
Ariel UI - 13.5 581.1x577.9x577.7 1 670 0.35 13.7
Umbriel UII - 11.7 584.7 1 400 0.19 14.5
Titania UIII - 35.2 788.9 1 710 0.28 13.5
Oberon UIV - 30.1 761.4 1 630 0.25 13.7
- - S/2001 U3 - - - - -
Caliban UXVI S/1997 U1 - 48 - 0.07 22.4
Stephano UXX S/1999 U2 - 10 - 0.07 24.1
Trinculo UXXI S/2001 U1 - 10 - - 25.4
Sycorax UXVII S/1997 U2 - 95 - 0.07 20.8
Prospero UXVIII S/1999 U3 - 15 - 0.07 20.8
Setebos UXIX S/1999 U1 - 15 - 0.07 23.3
- - S/2001 U2 - 12 - - -
NAME NUMBER Mass Radius Mean Visual Visual
(#) (km) density geometric magnitude
(kg/m³) albebo
Several recently discovered Uranian moons had been given temporary numbers but the I.A.U has now assigned names to them as follows...
XV = S/1985 U1 = Puck. XII = S/1986 U1 = Portia. XI = S/1986 U2 = Juliet. IX = S/1986 U3 = Cressida. XIII = S/1986 U4 = Rosalind. XIV = S/1986 U5 = Belinda. X = S/1986 U6 = Desdemona. VI = S/1986 U7 = Cordelia. VII = S/1986 U8 = Ophelia. VIII = S/1986 U9 = Bianca. XVI = S/1997 U1 = Caliban. XVII = S/1997 U2 = Sycorax. XIX = S/1999 U1 = Setebos. XX = S/1999 U2 = Stephano. XVIII = S/1999 U3 = Prospero. XXI = S/2001 U1 = Trinculo.
An additional moon was listed in previous editions of this table but the status of the provisional satellite S/1986 U10 was revoked in December 2001 - it was not possible to 'recover' and re-observe the moon.
TABLE 10. NEPTUNE - SATELLITE DATA
This table updated on 01/11/03. The satellites are listed in order of increasing distance from Neptune. Data adopted from NASA Space Science Data Centre/Goddard Spaceflight Centre tables and other sources. To save you counting, there are now 13 moons.
ORBITAL PARAMETERS
Orbital Rotation
NAME No Semimajor Neptunian Period Period Inc.
axis (km) Radii (d) (d) (°) Ecc.
Naiad III 48 227 1.948 0.294396 - 4.74 0.0003
Thalassa IV 50 075 2.022 0.311485 - 0.21 0.0002
Despina V 52 526 2.121 0.334655 - 0.07 0.0001
Galatea VI 61 953 2.502 0.428745 - 0.05 0.0001
Larissa VII 73 548 2.970 0.554654 - 0.20 0.0014
Proteus VIII 117 647 4.751 1.122315 - 0.04 0.0004
Triton I 354 760 14.328 5.876854(R) S 157.345 0.000016
Nereid II 5 513 400 222.67 360.13619 - 7.23 0.7512
S/2002 N1 15 686 000 633.4 1 874.8 - 134.1 0.572
S/2002 N2 22 452 000 906.6 2 918.9 - 48.4 0.297
S/2002 N3 22 580 000 911.8 2 982.3 - 34.6 0.479
S/2002 N4 46 570 000 1 880.5 8 863.1(R) - 132.5 0.527
S/2003 N1 46 738 000 1 887.3 9 136.1(R) - 137.3 0.450
Notes:
Inc. = Inclination. Ecc. = Eccentricity.
R = Retrograde orbit.
S = Synchronous rotation - rotation period same as orbital period.
BULK PARAMETERS
NAME No Mass Radius Mean density Visual geometric Visual
# (km) (kg/m³) albedo Magnitude
Naiad III 0.002 33 - 0.07 24.6
Thalassa IV 0.004 41 - 0.09 23.9
Despina V 0.02 75 - 0.09 22.5
Galatea VI 0.04 88 - 0.08 22.4
Larissa VII 0.05 104 x 89 - 0.09 22.0
Proteus VIII 0.5 218 x 208 x 201 - 0.10 20.3
Triton I 214 1 353.4 2 050 0.76 13.5
Nereid II 0.3 170 1 000? 0.16 19.7
S/2002 N1 0.001 24 - 0.16 25.1
S/2002 N2 0.001 24 - 0.16 24.2
S/2002 N3 0.001 24 - 0.16 25.5
S/2002 N4 - 30 - - -
S/2003 N1 0.0002 14 - 0.16 25.0
Note:
(# - Mass, 1020 kg.)
TABLE 11. PLUTO - SATELLITE DATA
No Satellite Average Orbital Inclination Eccentricity Diameter Visual
distance(km) period(d) (°) (km) Magnitude
Charon 19 410 6.387 99.1 0.00 1 186 17.3
TABLE 12. PLANETARY RING SYSTEMS
This series of tables updated 07/07/03...
JUPITER Radius Radius/ Optical Albedo Surf. Density
(km) Eq. radius Depth (g/cm 2 )
Jupiter Equator 71 492 1.000 - - -
Halo 100 000 - 122,000 1.40 - 1.71 3 x 10 -6 - -
Main 122 000 - 129,000 1.71 - 1.81 5 x 10 -6 c.0.015 5 x 10 -6
Gossamer (inner) 129 200 - 182,000 1.81 - 2.55 1 x 10 -7 - -
Gossamer (outer) 182 000 - 224,900 2.55 - 3.15 - - -
SATURN Radius Radius/ Optical Albedo Surf. Density Eccentricity
(km) Eq. radius Depth (g/cm 2 )
Saturn Equator 60 268 1.000 - - - -
D ring >66 900 >1.11 - - - -
C inner edge 74 658 1.239 0.05 - 0.35 0.12 - 0.30 0.4 - 5 -
Titan ringlet 77 871 1.292 - - 17 0.00026
Maxwell ringlet 87 491 1.452 - - 17 0.00034
B inner edge 91 975 1.526 0.4 - 2.5 0.4 - 0.6 20 - 100 -
B outer edge 117 507 1.950 - - - -
Cassini division - - 0.05 - 0.15 0.2 - 0.4 5 - 20 -
A inner edge 122 340 2.030 0.4 - 1.0 0.4 - 0.6 30 - 40 -
Encke gap 133 589 2.216 - - - -
A outer edge 136 775 2.269 - - - -
F ring center 140 374 2.329 0.1 0.6 - 0.0026
G ring center 170 000 2.82 1.0 x 10 -6 - - -
E inner edge c.180 000 3 1.5 x 10 -5 - - -
E outer edge c.480 000 8 - - - -
Notes:
Saturn's rings are roughly 100 to 150 metres thick except the A-ring (c.50 m) and the C-ring (c.10 m).
URANUS Radius Radius/ Optical Albedo Width Eccentricity
(km) Eq. radius Depth (x10 -3) (km)
Uranus Equator 25 559 1.000 - - - -
6 41 837 1.637 c.0.3 c.15 c. 1.5 0.0010
5 42 235 1.652 c.0.5 c.15 c. 2 0.0019
4 42 571 1.666 c.0.3 c.15 c. 2.5 0.0010
alpha 44 718 1.750 c.0.4 c.15 4-10 0.0008
beta 45 661 1.786 c.0.3 c.15 5-11 0.0004
eta 47 176 1.834 c.0.4- c.15 1.6 -
gamma 47 626 1.863 c.1.5+ c.15 1-4 0.0001
delta 48 303 1.900 c.0.5 c.15 3-7 -
lambda 50 024 1.957 c.0.1 c.15 c. 2 -
epsilon 51 149 2.006 0.5-2.3 c.18 20-96 0.0079
NEPTUNE Radius Radius/ Optical Albedo Width
(km) Eq. radius Depth (x 10 -3 ) (km)
Neptune equator 24 766 1.000 - - -
Galle (1989N3R) c.41 900 1.692 c.0.00008 c.15 c.2000
LeVerrier (1989N2R) c.53 200 2.148 c.0.002 c.15 c. 110
Lassell (1989N4R*) c.53 200 2.148 c.0.00015 c.15 c.4000
Arago (1989N4R*) c.57 200 2.310 - - c. 100
Unnamed (indistinct) 61 950 2.501 - - -
Adams (1989N1R) 62 933 2.541 c.0.0045 c.15 c. 50
Arcs in Adams Ring:
Courage 62 933 2.541 0.12 - c. 15
Liberté 62 933 2.541 0.12 - c. 15
Egalité 1 62 933 2.541 0.12 c.40 c. 15
Egalité 2 62 933 2.541 0.12 c.40 c. 15
Fraternité 62 933 2.541 0.12 - c. 15
Notes:
*Lassell and *Arago were originally identified as one ring, designated 1989N4R).
TABLE 13. THE MINOR PLANETS
No. Name Discoverer Date PD AD Per. E I T Dia. R Mv
(AU) (AU) y (°) (km) hrs
1 Ceres Piazzi 1 Jan 1801 2.55 2.77 4.60 0.078 10.60 C 940 9.05 7.4
2 Pallas Olbers 28 Mar 1802 2.12 2.77 4.62 0.234 34.80 CU 580x470 7.81 8.0
3 Juno Harding 1 Sep 1804 1.98 2.67 4.36 0.258 13.00 S 288x230 7.21 8.7
4 Vesta Olbers 29 Mar 1807 2.15 2.37 3.63 0.090 7.14 V 576 5.34 6.5
5 Astraea Hencke 8 Dec 1845 2.08 2.57 4.13 0.190 5.36 S 120 16.81 9.8
6 Hebe Hencke 1 Jul 1847 1.94 2.43 3.77 0.202 14.79 S 204 7.28 8.3
7 Iris Hind 13 Aug 1847 1.84 2.39 5.51 0.229 5.51 S 208 7.14 7.8
8 Flora Hind 18 Oct 1847 1.86 2.20 3.27 0.156 5.89 S 162 12.35 8.7
9 Metis Graham 16 Apr 1848 2.10 2.39 3.69 0.121 5.59 S 158 5.08 9.1
10 Hygeia De Gasparis 12 Apr 1849 2.76 3.13 5.54 0.120 3.84 C 430 17.50 10.2
11 Parthenope De Gasparis 11 May 1850 2.06 2.45 3.84 0.100 4.63 S 156 7.83 9.9
12 Victoria Hind 13 Sep 1850 1.82 2.33 3.56 0.220 8.38 S 136 8.65 9.9
13 Egeria De Gasparis 2 Nov 1850 2.36 2.58 4.14 0.087 16.50 C 244 7.05 10.8
14 Irene Hind 19 May 1851 2.16 2.59 4.16 0.016 9.11 S 150 9.35 9.6
15 Eunomia De Gasparis 29 Jul 1851 2.15 2.64 4.31 0.186 11.76 S 260 6.08 8.5
16 Psyche De Gasparis 15 Mar 1852 2.53 2.92 5.00 0.133 3.09 M 248 4.20 9.9
17 Thetis Luther 17 Apr 1852 2.13 2.47 3.88 0.138 5.60 S 98 12.28 10.7
18 Melpomene Hind 14 Jun 1852 1.80 2.30 3.48 0.217 10.14 S 162 11.57 8.9
19 Fortuna Hind 22 Aug 1852 2.05 2.44 3.82 0.159 1.57 C 198 7.45 10.1
20 Massalia De Gasparis 19 Sep 1852 2.06 2.41 3.74 0.145 0.70 S 134 8.09 9.2
21 Lutetia Goldschmidt 15 Nov 1852 2.04 2.44 3.80 0.161 3.07 M 108 8.17 10.5
22 Calliope Hind 16 Nov 1852 2.62 2.91 4.96 0.098 13.70 M 174 4.15 10.6
23 Thalia Hind 15 Dec 1852 2.02 2.63 4.26 0.231 10.15 S 116 12.31 10.1
24 Themis De Gasparis 5 Apr 1853 2.71 3.13 5.54 0.134 0.76 C 228 8.38 11.8
25 Phocæa Chacornac 6 Apr 1853 1.79 2.40 3.72 0.254 21.59 S 72 9.95 10.3
26 Proserpina Luther 5 May 1853 2.41 2.67 2.41 0.089 3.56 S 88 12.00 11.3
27 Euterpe Hind 8 Nov 1853 1.95 2.35 3.60 0.171 1.59 S 116 8.50 9.9
28 Bellona Luther 1 Mar 1854 2.37 2.78 4.64 0.148 9.40 S 124 15.70 10.8
29 Amphitrite Marth 1 Mar 1854 2.37 2.56 4.08 0.073 6.09 S 200 5.39 10.0
30 Urania Hind 22 Jul 1854 2.07 2.37 3.63 0.126 2.09 S 94 13.69 10.6
31 Euphrosyne Ferguson 1 Sep 1854 2.43 3.15 5.58 0.228 26.35 C 270 5.53 11.0
32 Pomona Goldschmidt 26 Oct 1854 2.37 2.59 4.16 0.084 5.53 C 92 9.44 11.3
33 Polyhymnia Chacornac 28 Oct 1854 1.89 2.86 4.84 0.341 1.89 S 62 18.60 11.0
34 Circe Chacornac 6 Apr 1855 2.40 2.69 4.40 0.107 5.49 C 112 15.00 12.3
35 Leucothea Luther 19 Apr 1855 2.34 3.00 5.20 0.220 8.04 C ±67 ? 12.4
36 Atalante Goldschmidt 5 Oct 1855 1.91 2.74 4.55 0.305 18.49 C 120 9.93 11.6
37 Fides Luther 5 Oct 1855 2.17 2.64 4.29 0.177 3.07 S 96 7.33 10.7
38 Leda Chacornac 12 Jan 1856 2.33 2.74 4.54 0.151 6.95 CU ±118 13.00 12.2
39 Lætitia Chacornac 8 Feb 1856 2.45 2.77 4.60 0.114 10.38 S 156 5.13 10.3
40 Harmonia Goldschmidt 31 Mar 1856 2.16 2.67 3.41 0.047 4.26 S 116 9.14 10.5
41 Daphne Goldschmidt 22 May 1856 2.03 2.77 4.61 0.269 15.79 C 204 5.99 10.3
42 Isis Pogson 23 May 1856 1.89 2.43 3.81 0.226 8.54 S 94 13.59 10.2
43 Ariadne Pogson 15 Apr 1857 1.83 2.20 3.27 0.169 3.47 S 84 5.75 10.2
44 Nysa Goldschmidt 27 May 1857 2.06 2.42 3.77 0.151 3.71 E 68 6.42 9.7
45 Eugenia Goldschmidt 27 Jun 1857 2.49 2.72 4.49 0.083 6.60 C 244 5.70 11.5
46 Hestia Pogson 16 Aug 1857 2.09 2.52 4.01 0.172 2.33 F 164 21.04 11.1
47 Aglaia Luther 15 Sep 1857 2.50 2.88 4.89 0.133 4.89 C 158 13.00 12.1
48 Doris Goldschmidt 19 Sep 1857 2.90 3.11 5.49 0.068 6.54 C 246 11.90 11.9
49 Pales Goldschmidt 19 Sep 1857 2.35 3.08 5.41 0.236 3.18 C 176 10.40 11.4
50 Virginia Ferguson 4 Oct 1857 1.88 2.65 4.31 0.289 2.84 C ±88 24.00 11.6
No. Name Discoverer Date PD AD Per. E I T Dia. R Mv
(AU) (AU) y (°) (km) hrs
Notes:
PD = Perihelion distance (AU).
AD = Aphelion distance (AU).
Per. = Orbital period (years).
E = Eccentricity.
I = Inclination of orbit (degrees).
T = Type.
Dia. = Diameter (km).
R = Rotation period (hours).
Mv = Magnitude, visual.
TABLE 14. NOTABLE PERIODIC COMETS
The table below has been broken up for the convenience of the reader, the table 'blocks' do not convey any particular association other than ease of reading. This table does not list every comet, just a selection of some of the better (and lesser) known comets.
COMET NAME Orbital Distance Ecc. Inc. Abs. Associated
period P A (°) mag. meteor shower
years
2P/Encke 3.31 0.341 4.10 0.846 11.9 11 Taurids
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup 5.10 0.995 2.96 0.664 6.6? 12
96P/Macholtz 1 5.20? 0.13? ? 0.960 60? ? Quadrantids
du Toit-Martley 5.21 1.197 3.01 0.602 2.29 ?
Macholtz 2 5.23 0.752 3.01 0.750 12.8 16
Tempel 2 5.29 1.195 4.81 0.545 12.4 10
Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova 5.30 0.542 5.54 0.882 4.2 11
Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 5.34 0.941 5.19 0.693 11.4 11
Neujmin 2 5.43 1.338 4.84 0.567 10.6 11
Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresak 5.46 1.065 3.10 0.656 9.2 ?
Tempel 1 5.49 1.491 4.73 0.521 10.6 9
Wirtanen 5.50 1.083 3.115 0.652 11.7 16
Clark 5.51 1.552 3.12 0.502 9.5 12
Tempel-Swift 5.68 1.153 5.22 0.638 5.4 13
Howell 5.94 1.615 4.94 0.508 4.9 ?
COMET NAME Orbital Distance Ecc. Inc. Abs. Associated
period P A (°) mag. meteor shower
years
Russell 1 6.10 1.612 5.06 0.517 22.7 15
West-Kohoutek-Ikemura 6.12 1.401 5.29 0.581 30.1 10
Wild 2 6.17 1.494 5.24 0.556 3.3 6
Forbes 6.27 1.479 5.32 0.565 4.7 10
Pons-Winnecke 6.36 1.254 5.61 0.635 22.3 14
du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte 6.37 1.708 5.16 0.503 2.9 14
Spitaler 6.37 1.818 5.06 0.471 12.8 16
22P/Kopff 6.44 1.576 5.35 0.545 4.7 13
Schwassmann-Wachmann 2 6.50 2.135 4.83 0.387 3.7 11
D'Arrest 6.51 1.346 3.49 0.614 19.5 6
Bus 6.52 2.183 3.49 0.374 2.6 ?
Wolf-Harrington 6.57 1.608 3.49 0.539 18.4 13
3D/Biela 6.60 0.860 ? 0.760 13.0 ? Andromedids (a)
21P/Giacobini-Zinner 6.61 1.034 3.53 0.706 31.8 10 Giacobinids (b)
Churyumov-Gerasimenko 6.61 1.306 5.74 0.629 7.1 10
Kohoutek 6.67 1.785 3.54 0.496 5.9 ?
Tsuchinshan 1 6.67 1.508 5.58 0.575 10.5 14
Reinmuth 2 6.74 1.946 5.19 0.455 7.0 10
Finlay 6.76 1.036 3.58 0.710 3.7 13
Perrine-Mrkos 6.77 1.293 3.58 0.639 17.8 18
Harrington 6.78 1.572 3.58 0.561 8.6 15
Gunn 6.82 2.459 4.74 0.316 10.4 10
Arend-Rigaux 6.82 1.438 3.60 0.600 17.9 9
Tsuchinshan 2 6.82 1.782 3.60 0.504 6.7 14
Borrely 6.88 1.365 3.62 0.623 30.3 13
Brooks 2 6.89 1.843 3.62 0.490 5.5 13
Wild 3 6.91 2.299 3.63 0.366 15.4 ?
Johnson 6.94 2.302 4.98 0.367 13.7 10
Giclas 6.96 1.847 3.64 0.493 7.3 13
Longmore 6.98 2.339 3.65 0.343 24.4 ?
Taylor 6.99 1.961 5.35 0.464 20.5 12
COMET NAME Orbital Distance Ecc. Inc. Abs. Associated
period P A (°) mag. meteor shower
years
Holmes 7.06 2.160 5.20 0.413 19.2 13
Daniel 7.06 1.649 3.68 0.551 20.1 11
Reinmuth 1 7.31 1.874 3.77 0.562 8.2 14
de Vico-Swift 7.32 2.145 3.77 0.562 6.1 ?
Faye 7.34 1.593 3.78 0.578 9.0 8
Russell 2 7.38 2.276 3.79 0.400 12.0 ?
Shajn-Schaldach 7.46 2.331 5.31 0.390 6.1 12
Ashbrook-Jackson 7.47 2.307 5.34 0.398 12.5 7
Skiff-Kosai 7.54 2.846 3.86 0.260 3.2 ?
Harrington-Abell 7.59 1.774 3.86 0.540 10.2 16
Russell II 7.62 2.175 3.87 0.438 17.7 ?
Oterma 7.88 3.388 4.53 0.144 4.5 9
Kojima 7.89 2.414 5.51 0.391 ? ?
Gehrels 2 7.98 2.362 5.62 0.409 0.9 ?
Arend 7.99 1.850 4.00 0.537 19.9 14
COMET NAME Orbital Distance Ecc. Inc. Abs. Associated
period P A (°) mag. meteor shower
years
Peters-Hartley 8.12 1.627 6.46 0.598 29.8 8
Gehrels 3 8.14 3.442 4.65 0.149 4.7 9
Jackson-Neujmin 8.24 1.381 4.08 0.661 13.5 17
Wolf 8.25 2.428 4.08 0.406 27.5 13
Schaumasse 8.26 1.213 6.96 0.703 11.8 11
36P/Whipple 8.53 3.093 4.17 0.259 9.9 ?
Smirnova-Chernykh 8.57 3.572 4.19 0.147 6.6 8
Comas Sola 8.94 1.870 6.74 0.566 13.0 8
Kwerns-Kwee 8.99 2.224 6.42 0.486 9.0 11
Denning-Fujikawa 9.01 0.779 7.88 0.820 8.7 11
Swift-Gehrels 9.21 1.335 4.39 0.691 9.2 15
COMET NAME Orbital Distance Ecc. Inc. Abs. Associated
period P A (°) mag. meteor shower
years
Neujmin 3 10.6 1.976 7.66 0.590 3.9 14
Vaisala 1 10.9 1.800 8.02 0.633 11.6 13
Klemola 10.9 1.766 8.09 0.642 10.6 10
Boethin 11.2 1.114 8.91 0.778 5.8 10
Gale 11.3 1.214 5.02 0.758 10.7 10
Slaughter-Burnham 11.6 2.544 7.71 0.504 8.2 14
Van Biesbroeck 12.4 2.401 5.37 0.552 6.6 7
Macholtz 2 12.8 0.752 3.01 0.750 12.8 ?
Wild 1 13.3 1.981 9.24 0.647 9.2 14
Tuttle 13.5 0.998 5.67 0.824 54.6 8 Ursids
Gehrels 1 14.5 2.935 8.97 0.507 9.6 11
du Toit 15.0 1.294 10.9 0.787 18.7 16
29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 15.0 5.448 6.73 0.105 6.7 5
Neujmin 1 18.2 1.553 12.3 0.776 12.3 10
Crommelin 27.4 0.735 17.4 0.919 29.1 11
55P/Temple-Tuttle 32.9 0.982 19.6 0.982 162.7 13 Leonids
Stepham-Oterma 37.7 1.574 20.9 0.860 18.0 5
Olbers 69.6 1.178 32.6 0.930 44.6 5
Pons-Brooks 70.9 0.774 33.5 0.955 74.2 6
Brorsen-Metcalf 72.0 0.485 34.1 0.972 19.2 9
1P/Halley 76.0 0.587 35.3 0.967 162.2 4 eta Aquarids, Orionids
109P/Swift-Tuttle 133 0.958 51.7 0.964 113.4 4 Perseids
Herschel-Rigollet 155 0.748 56.9 0.974 64.2 8
COMET NAME Orbital Distance Ecc. Inc. Abs. Associated
period P A (°) mag. meteor shower
years
Notes:
(a) = 3D/Biela, comet lost.
(b) = Giacobinids meteor shower also known as the Draconids.
P = perihelion distance.
A = aphelion distance.
Ecc. = Eccentricity of orbit.
Inc. = Inclination of orbit to the ecliptic.
Abs. mag. = Absolute magnitude.
TABLE 15. NOTABLE OR BRIGHT COMETS OF LONG OR UNCERTAIN PERIOD
COMET NAME Year Orbital P Ecc. Inc. Notes.
seen period dist. (°)
years
Comet of 1680 1680 8 917 0.006 0.9999 6
1P/Halley 1759 76 0.587 0.967 162
Flaugergues 1811 I 3 096 1.035 0.995 10
1P/Halley 1835 76 0.587 0.967 162
Great Comet 1843 I 517 0.0055 0.99991 14
Donati's Comet 1858 VI 1 951 0.578 0.996 11
Great Comet 1861 I 409 0.882 0.985 85
Comet of 1861 1861 - - - - Discovered by Tebbutt.
Comet of 1862 1862 - - - - Discovered by Swift.
Coggia's Comet 1874 - - - -
Great Comet 1882 - - - - Seen from S. Africa.
Great Comet 1882 I 759 0.0077 0.99991 14
Bright Comet 1901 - - - - Discovered by Paysandu.
Morehouse's Comet 1908 III - - - -
Daylight Comet 1910 - - - - Brightest, 20th Cent.
1P/Halley 1910 76 0.587 0.967 162
C/1919 Q2 (Metcalf) 1919 - 1.12 1.00 46
Skjellerup's Comet 1927 - - - -
D/1937 D1 (Wilk) 1937 187 0.62 0.98 26
Bright Southern Comet 1947 - - - - Bright for brief period.
Arend-Roland 1957 III - - - -
Mkros 1957 - - - -
Pereyra 1963 V 903 0.0051 0.99995 14
C/1964 N1 (Ikeya) 1964 391 0.82 0.98 172
Ikeya-Seki (C/1965 S1) 1965 VIII 880 0.008 0.9999 142 (a)
Bennett (C/1969 Y1) 1970 II 1 678 0.538 0.996 90
C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek) 1973 XII - 0.14 1.00 14
C/1974 V2 (Bennett) 1974 - 0.86 1.00 135 (b)
C/1976 D2 (Schuster) 1976 - 6.88 1.00 112
C/1975 V1 (West) 1976 c.500 000 0.20 1.00 43
C/1980 E1 (Bowell) 1980 - 3.36 1.06 2
C/1983 H1 (IRAS-Araki-Alcock) 1983 - 0.99 0.99 73 (c)
C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) 1996 c.21 000 0.23 1.00 125 (d)
C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) 1997 c.2 500 0.91 1.00 89
C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) 2000 1 m + ? 0.76 0.99 149 (e)
C/2002 C1 Ikeya-Zhang 2002 341 0.50 0.99 28
COMET NAME Year Orbital P Ecc. Inc. Notes.
seen period dist. (°)
years
Notes:
P = perihelion distance.
Ecc. = Eccentricity of orbit.
Inc. = Inclination of orbit to the ecliptic.
(a) Comet thought to be parts of the Kreutz group which is thought to be the parts of what was once a much larger object.
(b) Comet disappeared or possibly disintegrated before perihelion.
(c) Comet passed within 0.03 AU of Earth on 11/5/83.
(d) Comet passed within 0.1 AU of Earth on 25/3/96.
(e) Comet observed disintegrating late July 2000.
TABLE 16. METEOR SHOWERS
SHOWER NAME DATES MAX. MAX. POSITION NOTES
FROM-TO DATE RATE R.A. DEC.
Quadrantids # Jan.1-6 Jan.3 100? 15h 28m +50° Blue & yellow meteors, medium
speed. Radiant in Bootes.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Virginids Mar.-Apr. Apr.10 5 14h 04m -09° 2 most prominent radiants of
Apr.7-18 5 13h 36m -11° several in Virgo, active
Mar. to Apr. Slow, long paths.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lyrids # Apr.19-25 Apr.22 10 18h 08m +32° Swift, bright meteors.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
eta Apr.24-May 20 May 4 40 22h 20m -01° Very fast meteors. Poorly
Aquarids seen from the U.K.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alpha Apr.20-May 19 Apr.27 5 16h 31m -24° Low activity from several
Scorpiids May 12 5 16h 04m -24° radiants.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ophiuchids May 19-Jul. Jun.9 5 17h 56m -23° Low activity from several
Jun.19 5 17h 20m -20° radiants. Poorly seen from U.K.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alpha Jul.-Aug. Jul.21 5 21h 00m +48° 2 radiants, produces steady
Cygnids Aug.21 activity throughout summer.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capricornids Jul.-Aug. Jul.8 5 20h 44m -15° Bright, yellow-blue meteors.
Jul.15 21h 00m -15°
Jul.26
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
delta Jul.15-Aug.20 Jul.29 20 22h 36m -17° 2 radiants, rich shower, but
Aquarids Aug.6 10 23h 04m +02° faint meteors.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Piscis Jul.15-Aug.20 Jul.31 5 22h 40m -30° -
Australids
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
alpha # Jul.15-Aug.25 Aug.2 5 20h 36m -10° Slow, bright, yellow meteors.
Capricornids Fireballs often seen.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iota Jul.-Aug. Aug.6 8 22h 10m -15° 2 radiants, rich in faint
Aquarids 22h 04m -06° meteors.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perseids ## Jul.23-Aug.20 Aug.12 80 03h 04m +58° Rich, consistent shower.
Swift, bright trains.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Piscids Sep.-Oct. Sep.8 10 00h 36m +07° 3 radiants.
Sep.21 5 00h 24m 00°
Oct.13 ? 01h 44m +14°
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orionids ## Oct.16-27 Oct.20 25 06h 24m +15° Fast meteors with fine,
often persistent trains.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Draconids Oct. 10 Oct.10 var. 18h 00m +54° Very feeble shower.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Taurids ## Oct.20-Nov.30 Nov.3 10 03h 44m +14° 2 radiants. Slow, often
03h 44m +22° bright meteors.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leonids ## Nov.15-20 Nov.17 10 10h 08m +22° Fast, often bright meteors
with trains.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Andromedids Nov.15-Dec.6 Nov. 20 V.low 00h 50m +55° Shower now thought to be
dead. (Comet defunct)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Puppids-Velids Nov.27-Jan. Dec.9 15 09h 00m -48° 2 of several radiants in
Dec.26 09h 20m -65° Puppis, Vela and Carina.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geminids ## Dec.7-16 Dec.13 100 07h 32m +33° Rich shower of medium speed
meteors. Many bright events.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ursids Dec.17-25 Dec.22 10 14h 28m +78° Weak shower.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHOWER NAME DATES MAX. MAX. POSITION NOTES
FROM-TO DATE RATE R.A. DEC.
Notes:
Dates may vary as well as rates.
Showers which typically put on a good show are shown thus #.
Showers which I have personally found to give a good show are shown thus ##.
TABLE 17. TELESCOPE PERFORMANCE
Clear aperture Limiting Dawes Max. mm Inch magnitude limit power 50 2.0 11.2 2.3" x 100 60 2.4 11.6 1.9" x 120 75 3.0 12.1 1.5" x 150 100 4.0 12.6 1.2" x 200 112 4.5 13.0 1.0" x 225 125 5.0 13.2 0.9" x 250 150 6.0 13.6 0.8" x 300 200 8.0 14.2 0.6" x 400 250 10.0 14.7 0.5" x 500 300 12.0 15.1 0.4" x 600
Notes:
Limiting magnitude refers to the faintest star visible.
Dawes limit refers to the closest stars resolvable.
Maximum practical power for any given telescope is typically 2 times the aperture in millimetres although in practice powers over about 400 times are not always useful.
In all above instances, the figures quoted are for a telescope in good working order and observations are conducted under good viewing conditions.
TABLE 18. ATMOSPHERIC EXTINCTION
Zenith Altitude Extinction distance (mag.) (°) (°) 47 43 0.1 58 32 0.2 64 26 0.3 69 21 0.4 71 19 0.5 73 17 0.6 75 15 0.7 77 13 0.8 79 11 0.9 80 10 1.0 82 8 1.2 84 6 1.5 86 4 2.0 88 2 2.5 89 1 3.0
The title of this table speaks for itself - how much an object is dimmed depending how close it is to the horizon. The figures for magnitude are on the assumption that viewing conditions are good. Naturally, if the sky conditions are poor an object will be further dimmed by the Earth's atmosphere.
TABLE 19. ECLIPSES VISIBLE FROM CENTRAL SOUTHERN ENGLAND
Below are two tables that list solar and lunar eclipses visible from Central Southern England. The timings and other parameters have been specifically calculated for that region but some of the data will be applicable to other regions, especially in the case of lunar eclipses where roughly half of Earth will witness some stage of these events. Solar eclipses are visible over a much smaller area. As time permits I'll add to this data. I am indebted to Darren Beard for supplying me with this information.
Solar Eclipses visible between 1950 AD and 2050 AD...
Max Eclipse Type Magnitude Altitude Partial Dur. Total Dur. ----------- ---- --------- -------- ----------- --------- 1951 Sep 01 12:06 Annular Solar 0.19 47.6° 01h 40m 42s n/a 1952 Feb 25 09:12 Total Solar 0.11 17.4° 01h 03m 13s n/a 1954 Jun 30 12:32 Total Solar 0.74 61.9° 02h 34m 33s n/a 1959 Oct 02 11:56 Total Solar 0.35 35.7° 01h 58m 39s n/a 1961 Feb 15 07:40 Total Solar 0.94 2.3° 02h 05m 05s n/a 1966 May 20 09:21 Annular Solar 0.41 45.8° 02h 02m 03s n/a 1968 Sep 22 10:21 Total Solar 0.26 35.2° 01h 41m 37s n/a 1971 Feb 25 09:38 Partial Solar 0.67 20.5° 02h 08m 36s n/a 1972 Jul 10 20:19 Total Solar 0.53 -1.0° 01h 26m 46s n/a 1973 Jun 30 11:13 Total Solar 0.02 60.2° 00h 27m 52s n/a 1973 Dec 24 16:28 Annular Solar 0.42 -4.0° 02h 07m 27s n/a 1975 May 11 06:18 Partial Solar 0.55 16.1° 01h 52m 21s n/a 1976 Apr 29 10:10 Annular Solar 0.41 47.2° 02h 27m 46s n/a 1979 Feb 26 18:18 Total Solar 0.37 -6.6° 01h 25m 44s n/a 1982 Jul 20 19:39 Partial Solar 0.20 3.1° 00h 57m 58s n/a 1982 Dec 15 08:23 Partial Solar 0.35 1.7° 02h 04m 44s n/a 1983 Dec 04 12:01 Annular Solar 0.05 16.9° 00h 55m 37s n/a 1984 May 30 18:10 Annular Solar 0.50 15.8° 01h 48m 07s n/a 1994 May 10 18:37 Annular Solar 0.56 8.3° 01h 57m 21s n/a 1999 Aug 11 10:18 Total Solar 0.99 47.8° 02h 36m 33s n/a 2003 May 31 03:35 Annular Solar 0.90 -3.6° 01h 49m 25s n/a 2005 Oct 03 09:00 Annular Solar 0.69 23.6° 02h 30m 28s n/a 2006 Mar 29 10:31 Total Solar 0.27 38.1° 01h 35m 24s n/a 2008 Aug 01 09:16 Total Solar 0.20 42.0° 01h 27m 46s n/a 2011 Jan 04 08:10 Partial Solar 0.74 -0.7° 02h 29m 37s n/a 2015 Mar 20 09:28 Total Solar 0.87 28.1° 02h 15m 41s n/a 2017 Aug 21 19:06 Total Solar 0.11 0.5° 00h 49m 51s n/a 2021 Jun 10 10:10 Annular Solar 0.32 54.3° 02h 12m 56s n/a 2022 Oct 25 09:58 Partial Solar 0.23 22.4° 01h 37m 49s n/a 2025 Mar 29 11:01 Partial Solar 0.43 40.4° 01h 54m 25s n/a 2026 Aug 12 18:14 Total Solar 0.93 10.9° 01h 49m 32s n/a 2027 Aug 02 08:58 Total Solar 0.54 39.4° 01h 56m 59s n/a 2028 Jan 26 16:49 Annular Solar 0.67 -1.2° 02h 20m 23s n/a 2030 Jun 01 05:21 Annular Solar 0.58 10.5° 01h 55m 32s n/a 2036 Aug 21 18:08 Partial Solar 0.66 9.2° 01h 40m 25s n/a 2037 Jan 16 09:04 Partial Solar 0.56 6.9° 02h 36m 19s n/a 2038 Jan 05 14:33 Annular Solar 0.12 10.2° 01h 19m 18s n/a 2038 Jul 02 14:02 Annular Solar 0.18 54.6° 01h 36m 03s n/a 2039 Jun 21 18:36 Annular Solar 0.70 13.8° 02h 03m 43s n/a 2048 Jun 11 13:20 Annular Solar 0.69 58.7° 03h 03m 37s n/a 2050 Nov 14 13:47 Partial Solar 0.80 16.1° 02h 54m 39s n/a Max Eclipse Type Magnitude Altitude Partial Dur. Total Dur.
Lunar Eclipses visible between 1950 AD and 2050 AD...
Max Eclipse Type Magnitude Altitude Partial Dur. Total Dur. ----------- ---- --------- -------- ----------- --------- 1950 Apr 02 20:44 Total Lunar 1.04 17.9° 03h 10m 19s 00h 29m 10s 1950 Sep 26 04:17 Total Lunar 1.08 15.7° 03h 30m 26s 00h 45m 42s 1951 Feb 21 21:29 Penumbral Lunar 0.01 36.9° n/a n/a 1951 Aug 17 03:14 Penumbral Lunar 0.14 12.1° n/a n/a 1952 Feb 11 00:39 Partial Lunar 0.09 53.6° 01h 12m 02s n/a 1952 Aug 05 19:47 Partial Lunar 0.54 -0.6° 02h 28m 07s n/a 1953 Jan 29 23:47 Total Lunar 1.34 56.0° 03h 46m 23s 01h 25m 13s 1954 Jan 19 02:32 Total Lunar 1.04 48.6° 03h 23m 33s 00h 30m 16s 1954 Jul 16 00:20 Partial Lunar 0.41 17.4° 02h 21m 58s n/a 1955 Nov 29 16:59 Partial Lunar 0.12 8.3° 01h 15m 57s n/a 1956 Nov 18 06:48 Total Lunar 1.32 5.7° 03h 30m 07s 01h 19m 10s 1957 May 13 22:31 Total Lunar 1.30 17.2° 03h 32m 17s 01h 18m 30s 1957 Nov 07 14:27 Total Lunar 1.04 -15.7° 03h 27m 12s 00h 30m 00s 1958 Apr 04 04:00 Penumbral Lunar 0.04 12.7° n/a n/a 1958 Oct 27 15:27 Penumbral Lunar 0.81 -12.6° n/a n/a 1959 Mar 24 20:11 Partial Lunar 0.27 15.7° 01h 50m 46s n/a 1959 Sep 17 01:03 Penumbral Lunar 1.01 34.9° n/a n/a 1960 Mar 13 08:28 Total Lunar 1.52 -18.8° 03h 40m 01s 01h 34m 38s 1961 Aug 26 03:08 Partial Lunar 0.99 15.9° 03h 06m 43s n/a 1962 Aug 15 19:57 Penumbral Lunar 0.62 3.1° n/a n/a 1963 Jan 09 23:19 Penumbral Lunar 1.04 57.9° n/a n/a 1963 Jul 06 22:02 Partial Lunar 0.71 10.9° 03h 00m 43s n/a 1964 Jun 25 01:06 Total Lunar 1.56 13.7° 03h 53m 52s 01h 41m 25s 1964 Dec 19 02:37 Total Lunar 1.18 49.1° 03h 16m 11s 01h 00m 01s 1965 Jun 14 01:49 Partial Lunar 0.18 10.8° 01h 41m 40s n/a 1965 Dec 08 17:10 Penumbral Lunar 0.91 10.4° n/a n/a 1966 May 04 21:11 Penumbral Lunar 0.94 13.1° n/a n/a 1968 Apr 13 04:47 Total Lunar 1.12 3.8° 03h 14m 51s 00h 49m 48s 1969 Apr 02 18:32 Penumbral Lunar 0.73 -1.7° n/a n/a 1969 Sep 25 20:10 Penumbral Lunar 0.93 21.2° n/a n/a 1970 Feb 21 08:30 Partial Lunar 0.05 -11.0° 00h 55m 13s n/a 1970 Aug 17 03:23 Partial Lunar 0.41 11.6° 02h 12m 24s n/a 1971 Feb 10 07:45 Total Lunar 1.31 -2.1° 03h 45m 18s 01h 22m 55s 1971 Aug 06 19:43 Total Lunar 1.73 0.1° 03h 36m 10s 01h 40m 04s 1973 Jan 18 21:17 Penumbral Lunar 0.89 42.3° n/a n/a 1973 Jun 15 20:50 Penumbral Lunar 0.49 2.4° n/a n/a 1973 Dec 10 01:44 Partial Lunar 0.11 55.5° 01h 10m 23s n/a 1974 Jun 04 22:16 Partial Lunar 0.83 11.6° 03h 14m 20s n/a 1974 Nov 29 15:13 Total Lunar 1.29 -6.1° 03h 29m 37s 01h 16m 34s 1975 May 25 05:48 Total Lunar 1.43 -14.6° 03h 35m 52s 01h 29m 02s 1975 Nov 18 22:23 Total Lunar 1.07 53.0° 03h 29m 39s 00h 41m 37s 1976 May 13 19:54 Partial Lunar 0.13 2.0° 01h 17m 16s n/a 1976 Nov 06 23:01 Penumbral Lunar 0.86 52.5° n/a n/a 1977 Apr 04 04:18 Partial Lunar 0.20 10.6° 01h 36m 08s n/a 1978 Mar 24 16:22 Total Lunar 1.46 -19.1° 03h 39m 11s 01h 31m 21s 1978 Sep 16 19:04 Total Lunar 1.33 7.3° 03h 27m 52s 01h 19m 29s 1979 Mar 13 21:08 Partial Lunar 0.86 27.6° 03h 18m 22s n/a 1980 Mar 01 20:45 Penumbral Lunar 0.68 28.2° n/a n/a 1980 Jul 27 19:08 Penumbral Lunar 0.28 -6.0° n/a n/a 1980 Aug 26 03:30 Penumbral Lunar 0.73 12.9° n/a n/a 1981 Jan 20 07:50 Penumbral Lunar 1.04 0.5° n/a n/a 1981 Jul 17 04:47 Partial Lunar 0.55 -4.3° 02h 44m 07s n/a 1982 Jan 09 19:56 Total Lunar 1.34 32.0° 03h 24m 30s 01h 18m 26s 1983 Dec 20 01:49 Penumbral Lunar 0.91 56.0° n/a n/a 1984 May 15 04:40 Penumbral Lunar 0.83 -2.4° n/a n/a 1984 Nov 08 17:55 Penumbral Lunar 0.93 12.1° n/a n/a 1985 May 04 19:56 Total Lunar 1.24 3.6° 03h 19m 39s 01h 08m 39s 1985 Oct 28 17:42 Total Lunar 1.08 8.0° 03h 35m 34s 00h 45m 11s 1986 Oct 17 19:18 Total Lunar 1.25 20.4° 03h 37m 27s 01h 14m 32s 1987 Apr 14 02:19 Penumbral Lunar 0.80 21.5° n/a n/a 1987 Oct 07 04:02 Penumbral Lunar 1.01 21.0° n/a n/a 1988 Mar 03 16:13 Partial Lunar 0.00 -14.1° 00h 13m 13s n/a 1989 Feb 20 15:35 Total Lunar 1.28 -15.9° 03h 43m 44s 01h 19m 17s 1989 Aug 17 03:08 Total Lunar 1.60 13.8° 03h 34m 57s 01h 36m 29s 1990 Feb 09 19:11 Total Lunar 1.08 18.3° 03h 24m 58s 00h 43m 44s 1991 Jan 30 05:59 Penumbral Lunar 0.91 14.9° n/a n/a 1991 Jun 27 03:15 Penumbral Lunar 0.34 3.5° n/a n/a 1992 Jun 15 04:57 Partial Lunar 0.69 -9.1° 03h 00m 34s n/a 1992 Dec 09 23:44 Total Lunar 1.28 61.7° 03h 29m 25s 01h 14m 43s 1993 Nov 29 06:26 Total Lunar 1.09 10.6° 03h 31m 26s 00h 47m 54s 1994 May 25 03:30 Partial Lunar 0.25 4.9° 01h 46m 00s n/a 1994 Nov 18 06:44 Penumbral Lunar 0.91 5.4° n/a n/a 1995 Oct 08 16:04 Penumbral Lunar 0.85 -11.9° n/a n/a 1996 Apr 04 00:10 Total Lunar 1.38 32.4° 03h 37m 47s 01h 26m 29s 1996 Sep 27 02:54 Total Lunar 1.25 27.6° 03h 23m 59s 01h 10m 07s 1997 Mar 24 04:39 Partial Lunar 0.92 12.8° 03h 23m 45s n/a 1997 Sep 16 18:47 Total Lunar 1.20 4.2° 03h 17m 10s 01h 02m 34s 1998 Mar 13 04:20 Penumbral Lunar 0.74 20.4° n/a n/a 1998 Aug 08 02:25 Penumbral Lunar 0.15 17.1° n/a n/a 1999 Jan 31 16:17 Penumbral Lunar 1.03 -5.8° n/a n/a 2000 Jan 21 04:43 Total Lunar 1.33 28.9° 03h 23m 59s 01h 17m 46s 2001 Jan 09 20:21 Total Lunar 1.19 36.3° 03h 17m 01s 01h 02m 04s 2002 Jun 24 21:27 Penumbral Lunar 0.23 5.6° n/a n/a 2002 Nov 20 01:47 Penumbral Lunar 0.89 50.1° n/a n/a 2003 May 16 03:40 Total Lunar 1.13 4.9° 03h 14m 38s 00h 52m 41s 2003 Nov 09 01:18 Total Lunar 1.02 50.6° 03h 32m 03s 00h 24m 28s 2004 May 04 20:30 Total Lunar 1.31 7.4° 03h 23m 54s 01h 16m 20s 2004 Oct 28 03:04 Total Lunar 1.31 35.0° 03h 39m 19s 01h 21m 15s 2006 Mar 14 23:47 Penumbral Lunar 1.06 41.1° n/a n/a 2006 Sep 07 18:51 Partial Lunar 0.19 1.3° 01h 32m 34s n/a 2007 Mar 03 23:21 Total Lunar 1.24 43.8° 03h 41m 42s 01h 14m 11s 2008 Feb 21 03:26 Total Lunar 1.11 33.7° 03h 26m 07s 00h 50m 58s 2008 Aug 16 21:10 Partial Lunar 0.81 14.4° 03h 08m 55s n/a 2009 Aug 06 00:39 Penumbral Lunar 0.43 22.4° n/a n/a 2009 Dec 31 19:22 Partial Lunar 0.08 28.9° 01h 02m 10s n/a 2010 Dec 21 08:17 Total Lunar 1.26 -1.2° 03h 29m 21s 01h 13m 12s 2011 Jun 15 20:12 Total Lunar 1.71 -1.1° 03h 39m 57s 01h 40m 52s 2011 Dec 10 14:32 Total Lunar 1.11 -10.1° 03h 32m 53s 00h 52m 16s 2012 Nov 28 14:33 Penumbral Lunar 0.94 -11.4° n/a n/a 2013 Apr 25 20:07 Partial Lunar 0.02 6.2° 00h 31m 32s n/a 2013 May 25 04:10 Penumbral Lunar 0.04 0.8° n/a n/a 2013 Oct 18 23:50 Penumbral Lunar 0.79 49.5° n/a n/a 2014 Apr 15 07:45 Total Lunar 1.30 -24.3° 03h 35m 22s 01h 18m 36s 2015 Sep 28 02:47 Total Lunar 1.28 28.2° 03h 20m 35s 01h 12m 48s 2016 Sep 16 18:54 Penumbral Lunar 0.93 4.8° n/a n/a 2017 Feb 11 00:44 Penumbral Lunar 1.01 51.2° n/a n/a 2017 Aug 07 18:20 Partial Lunar 0.25 -11.4° 01h 56m 30s n/a 2018 Jul 27 20:21 Total Lunar 1.61 3.1° 03h 55m 10s 01h 43m 34s 2019 Jan 21 05:12 Total Lunar 1.20 24.9° 03h 17m 27s 01h 03m 00s 2019 Jul 16 21:30 Partial Lunar 0.66 8.2° 02h 58m 44s n/a 2020 Jan 10 19:10 Penumbral Lunar 0.92 25.5° n/a n/a 2020 Jun 05 19:25 Penumbral Lunar 0.59 -5.8° n/a n/a 2020 Jul 05 04:30 Penumbral Lunar 0.38 -5.1° n/a n/a 2020 Nov 30 09:43 Penumbral Lunar 0.85 -13.5° n/a n/a 2021 Nov 19 09:03 Partial Lunar 0.98 -11.6° 03h 29m 01s n/a 2022 May 16 04:11 Total Lunar 1.42 0.6° 03h 27m 55s 01h 25m 38s 2023 Oct 28 20:14 Partial Lunar 0.13 32.7° 01h 19m 09s n/a 2024 Mar 25 07:12 Penumbral Lunar 0.98 -11.1° n/a n/a 2024 Sep 18 02:44 Partial Lunar 0.09 25.4° 01h 04m 53s n/a 2025 Mar 14 06:58 Total Lunar 1.18 -5.5° 03h 38m 53s 01h 06m 20s 2025 Sep 07 18:11 Total Lunar 1.37 -4.5° 03h 30m 05s 01h 22m 52s 2026 Aug 28 04:12 Partial Lunar 0.94 9.0° 03h 18m 52s n/a 2027 Feb 20 23:12 Penumbral Lunar 0.95 46.1° n/a n/a 2028 Jan 12 04:13 Partial Lunar 0.07 35.7° 00h 58m 21s n/a 2028 Jul 06 18:19 Partial Lunar 0.39 -17.5° 02h 22m 28s n/a 2028 Dec 31 16:52 Total Lunar 1.25 5.8° 03h 29m 29s 01h 12m 12s 2029 Jun 26 03:22 Total Lunar 1.85 3.7° 03h 40m 12s 01h 42m 32s 2029 Dec 20 22:42 Total Lunar 1.12 57.5° 03h 33m 55s 00h 54m 45s 2030 Jun 15 18:33 Partial Lunar 0.51 -14.3° 02h 25m 22s n/a 2030 Dec 09 22:27 Penumbral Lunar 0.97 55.5° n/a n/a 2031 May 07 03:50 Penumbral Lunar 0.91 4.2° n/a n/a 2031 Oct 30 07:45 Penumbral Lunar 0.74 -6.6° n/a n/a 2032 Oct 18 19:02 Total Lunar 1.11 18.5° 03h 16m 39s 00h 48m 26s 2033 Apr 14 19:12 Total Lunar 1.10 2.2° 03h 35m 40s 00h 50m 29s 2034 Apr 03 19:05 Penumbral Lunar 0.88 4.3° n/a n/a 2034 Sep 28 02:46 Partial Lunar 0.02 28.0° 00h 31m 26s n/a 2035 Feb 22 09:04 Penumbral Lunar 0.99 -17.7° n/a n/a 2035 Aug 19 01:10 Partial Lunar 0.11 24.8° 01h 18m 23s n/a 2036 Feb 11 22:11 Total Lunar 1.30 43.9° 03h 22m 36s 01h 15m 18s 2036 Aug 07 02:51 Total Lunar 1.46 13.7° 03h 51m 58s 01h 36m 00s 2037 Jul 27 04:08 Partial Lunar 0.81 2.0° 03h 13m 09s n/a 2038 Jan 21 03:48 Penumbral Lunar 0.93 38.6° n/a n/a 2038 Jun 17 02:43 Penumbral Lunar 0.47 8.5° n/a n/a 2038 Dec 11 17:43 Penumbral Lunar 0.83 13.6° n/a n/a 2039 Jun 06 18:53 Partial Lunar 0.89 -10.9° 03h 00m 06s n/a 2039 Nov 30 16:55 Partial Lunar 0.95 6.7° 03h 26m 39s n/a 2040 Nov 18 19:03 Total Lunar 1.40 25.6° 03h 41m 05s 01h 28m 33s 2041 May 16 00:41 Partial Lunar 0.07 17.6° 01h 00m 50s n/a 2041 Nov 08 04:33 Partial Lunar 0.18 24.4° 01h 31m 52s n/a 2042 Oct 28 19:33 Penumbral Lunar 0.01 27.2° n/a n/a 2043 Sep 19 01:50 Total Lunar 1.26 31.5° 03h 26m 42s 01h 12m 36s 2044 Mar 13 19:37 Total Lunar 1.21 13.6° 03h 29m 44s 01h 07m 21s 2045 Mar 03 07:41 Penumbral Lunar 0.99 -9.8° n/a n/a 2046 Jul 18 01:04 Partial Lunar 0.25 15.6° 01h 55m 47s n/a 2047 Jan 12 01:24 Total Lunar 1.24 57.5° 03h 29m 32s 01h 10m 52s 2048 Jan 01 06:52 Total Lunar 1.13 10.2° 03h 34m 53s 00h 56m 58s 2048 Jun 26 02:00 Partial Lunar 0.64 11.5° 02h 40m 05s n/a 2048 Dec 20 06:26 Penumbral Lunar 0.99 13.0° n/a n/a 2049 Jun 15 19:12 Penumbral Lunar 0.28 -8.1° n/a n/a 2049 Nov 09 15:50 Penumbral Lunar 0.71 -4.0° n/a n/a 2050 May 06 22:30 Total Lunar 1.08 18.1° 03h 26m 41s 00h 44m 37s 2050 Oct 30 03:20 Total Lunar 1.06 33.3° 03h 13m 35s 00h 36m 18s Max Eclipse Type Magnitude Altitude Partial Dur. Total Dur.
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